Description of reinfection of joint prosthesis after 2-stage replacement (infection of the 2nd stage prosthesis): A multicenter study.

INTRODUCTION: Two-stage exchange is the gold standard in the surgical management of prosthetic joint infection (PJI). However, perioperative reinfections (RePJI) can occur to newly inserted prosthesis, which highlights the importance of an adequate antibiotic prophylaxis, although there is scarce evidence in this field. Our objective was to evaluate the characteristics of RePJI, its prognosis and the antibiotic prophylaxis that is commonly used in second-stage surgery. METHODS: Multicentric retrospective observational study in Spanish hospitals including patients with RePJI between 2009 and 2018. RESULTS: We included 92 patients with RePJI from 12 hospitals. The most frequent isolated microorganism was Staphylococcus epidermidis in 35 cases (38.5%); 61.1% of staphylococci were methiciliin-resistant. In 12 cases (13%), the same microoganism causing the primary PJI was isolated in RePJI. When comparing with the microbiology of primary PJI, there were more cases caused by Gram-negative bacteria (the most frequent was Pseudomonas spp.) and less by Gram-positive bacteria. Failure occured in 69 cases (75%). There were 43 different courses of antibiotic prophylaxis after the second-stage surgery; the most frequent was a unique preoperative cefazolin dose, but most patients received prophylaxis before and after the second-stage surgery (61 cases). CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent microorganisms in RePJI are coagulase-negative staphylococci, although Gram-negative bacteria, especially Pseudomonas spp. are also common. There is a significant heterogeneity in antibiotic prophylaxis for a second-stage surgery. ReIPJI treatment has a high failure rate.

Resultados de una intervención de descolonización de Staphylococcus aureusen pacientes portadores a los que se indica una prótesis articular / Eradication of Staphylococcus aureus in carrier patients undergoing joint arthroplasty

INTRODUCCIÓN: La infección de prótesis articular (IPA) es una complicación con graves repercusiones cuyo principal agente responsable en la mayoría de los casos es Staphylococcus aureus. El propósito del presente estudio es evaluar si la descolonización de los pacientes portadores de S. aureus a los que se indica una prótesis articular consigue una disminución en la incidencia de IPA por S. aureus. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de intervención antes-después en el que se comparó la incidencia de IPA en pacientes bajo cirugía de prótesis articular de rodilla o cadera entre enero y diciembre de 2011 a los que se realizó estudio de detección de colonización nasal por S. aureus y erradicación si procedía, con un protocolo de mupirocina intranasal y ducha con clorhexidina, con respecto a una serie histórica de pacientes intervenidos entre enero y diciembre de 2010. RESULTADOS: En el período de control se realizaron 393 artroplastias en 391 pacientes. En el período de intervención se implantaron 416 prótesis en 416 pacientes. Se realizó estudio de colonización a 382 pacientes (91,8%), de los que 102 fueron positivos (26,7%) y se trataron según el protocolo. Se produjeron 2 casos de de IPA por S.aureus frente a 9 en el año control (0,5% vs 2,3%, odds ratio [OR]: 0,2, intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%: 0,4 a 2,3, p = 0,04). CONCLUSIÓN: En nuestro estudio la aplicación de un protocolo de detección de colonización/ erradicación de S.aureus consiguió un descenso significativo de la incidencia de IPA por S.aureus respecto a un control histórico

INTRODUCTION: Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a complication with serious repercussions and its main cause is Staphylococcus aureus. The purpose of this study is to determine whether decolonization of S. aureuscarriers helps to reduce the incidence of PJI by S. aureus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An S. aureus screening test was performed on nasal carriers in patients undergoing knee or hip arthroplasty between January and December 2011. Patients with a positive test were treated with intranasal mupirocin and chlorhexidine soap 5 days. The incidence of PJI was compared with patients undergoing the same surgery between January and December 2010.RESULTS: A total of 393 joint replacements were performed in 391 patients from the control group, with 416 joint replacements being performed in the intervention group. Colonization study was performed in 382 patients (91.8%), of which 102 were positive (26.7%) and treated. There was 2 PJI due S. aureuscompared with 9 in the control group (0.5% vs 2.3%, odds ratio [OR]: 0.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.4 to 2.3, P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the detection of colonization and eradication of S.aureus carriers achieved a significant decrease in PJI due to S.aureus compared to a historical group

[Eradication of Staphylococcus aureus in carrier patients undergoing joint arthroplasty]. / Resultados de una intervención de descolonización de Staphylococcus aureus en pacientes portadores a los que se indica una prótesis articular.

INTRODUCTION: Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a complication with serious repercussions and its main cause is Staphylococcus aureus. The purpose of this study is to determine whether decolonization of S.aureus carriers helps to reduce the incidence of PJI by S.aureus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An S.aureus screening test was performed on nasal carriers in patients undergoing knee or hip arthroplasty between January and December 2011. Patients with a positive test were treated with intranasal mupirocin and chlorhexidine soap 5 days. The incidence of PJI was compared with patients undergoing the same surgery between January and December 2010. RESULTS: A total of 393 joint replacements were performed in 391 patients from the control group, with 416 joint replacements being performed in the intervention group. Colonization study was performed in 382 patients (91.8%), of which 102 were positive (26.7%) and treated. There was 2 PJI due S.aureus compared with 9 in the control group (0.5% vs 2.3%, odds ratio [OR]: 0.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.4 to 2.3, P=.04). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the detection of colonization and eradication of S.aureus carriers achieved a significant decrease in PJI due to S.aureus compared to a historical group.